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Описание:
There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers.

Описание:
Climate has for a long time been a taken for granted background against which social, political and economic interactions have taken place. But this taken for granted background is cleaving. It is becoming hard to ignore the potential repercussions of a changing climate, and the uneven impact of certain forms of human society and energy cultures that risk undermining their own environmental conditions. In a comprehensive and accessible way, this book: Drawing on the insights of various disciplines and citing numerous examples, Society and Climate probes the interplay between society, science and climate, and warns against making any easy assumptions.

Описание:
Soft materials with nanometer scale aspects have been heavily used in biomedical science. Instead of providing a broad introduction of soft materials and their biomedical applications, this book focuses on the preparation of molecular assemblies of biotechnologically relevant biomimetic systems with an emphasis on medical applications.

Описание:
Since it's birth in Poincare's seminal 1894 "Analysis Situs", topology has become a cornerstone of mathematics. As with all beautiful mathematical concepts, topology inevitably - resonating with that Wignerian principle of the effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences - finds it's prominent role in physics. From Chern-Simons theory to topological quantum field theory, from knot invariants to Calabi-Yau compactification in string theory, from spacetime topology in cosmology to the recent Nobel Prize winning work on topological insulators, the interactions between topology and physics have been a triumph over the past few decades. In this eponymous volume, we are honoured to have contributions from an assembly of grand masters of the field, guiding us with their world-renowned expertise on the subject of the interplay between "Topology" and "Physics". Beginning with a preface by Chen Ning Yang on his recollections of the early days, we proceed to a novel view of nuclei from the perspective of complex geometry by Sir Michael Atiyah and Nick Manton, followed by an entree toward recent developments in two-dimensional gravity and intersection theory on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces by Robbert Dijkgraaf and Edward Witten; a study of Majorana fermions and relations to the Braid group by Louis H. Kauffman; a pioneering investigation on arithmetic gauge theory by Minhyong Kim; an anecdote-enriched review of singularity theorems in black-hole physics by Sir Roger Penrose; an adventure beyond anyons by Zhenghan Wang; an apercu on topological insulators from first-principle calculations by Haijun Zhang and Shou-Cheng Zhang; finishing with synopsis on quantum information theory as one of the four revolutions in physics and the second quantum revolution by Xiao-Gang Wen. We hope that this book will serve to inspire the research community.

Описание:
Parents need to take an ever-increasing role in their child's learning experience. However, what to do and how to do it is often not prescribed to the parents. This book offers a wide variety of aspects related to the parent's role as a support to their child's learning of mathematics, and above all appreciation for the subject. The uniqueness of this book is that we provide the parent the information they need about how mathematics is taught in today's early grades. We then provide a plethora of ideas that can motivate children with information beyond that which is taught in the classroom.

Описание:
Nanotechnology is a buzz word many of us have heard but are uncertain what it really means. This book works to dispel the myths and unravel the truth about this branch of science and technology that has already touched many aspects of our lives, from cheaper and faster medical diagnostic tools and more effective ways to deliver existing ones to helping to create new medicines and electronic devices. Size Really Does Matter starts by looking at the science and history of nanotechnology, followed by real-life examples of how it is used, what cutting-edge research is being carried out and why, and potential risks of this exciting new technology. It is written in an accessible style with genuine enthusiasm for the topics it addresses, including how nanotechnology hopes to address problems in several fields, such as cancer research, novel devices, new materials and improved manufacturing methods for existing products.

Описание:
Chapter contribution from John B. Goodenough, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2019. This book provides a unique look at the chemistry and properties of complex metal oxides from the perspectives of some of the most active researchers on this class of materials. Applications of complex oxide materials are highly varied. Topics reviewed in this volume include solid-state battery research, the chemistry of transparent conductors, ternary uranium oxides, magnetic perovskites, non-linear optical materials, complex molybdenum-vanadium bronzes and other complex materials used in selective oxidation catalysis. It is written to serve as an introduction to the subject for and those beginning to work on these materials, particularly new graduate students.

Описание:
Sam Jam sat in a school library and challenged the school community to ask him about the origin of anything at all and pledged to use library resources to answer within 60 minutes. Children and adults delivered clever, funny, unexpected questions: Who owned the first pet dog? Who invented toilets? What was the first song? Were the first newspapers really made of rock? And who was the first human, anyway? Seeking answers, he and his young assistants discovered remarkable true tales: And dozens more remarkable true stories. The result is a fun story collection about the origins of a huge range of things - which also introduces young readers to the art and science of academic research. In these times of fake news, information overload, and too much homework, the ability to conduct fast, accurate research is one of the best skills any student can have and you can learn it in these pages.

Описание:
This book describes the coming disruptions caused by autonomous systems (AS), which are unique blends of AI, big data and the Internet of Things (IoT). An example of an AS is a driverless car. Big data is the key element here that is still receiving scant attention as compared to the advances in AI and IoT. This book shows how disruption across many industries caused by the presence of AS will be pervasive and that big data, which is created by the IoT and other sensors, provides the content from which AI can make decisions. These decisions were once the purview of humans only but no longer. AS will transcend what machines currently do and approach human-level decision-making. We show how the impact of AS will start to manifest in the next few years.

Описание:
This book makes the case for a grand energy bargain that recognizes the need to protect the environment from the combustion of fossil fuels while protecting the national and global economies during the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy. Our future energy mix depends on choices we make, which depends, in turn, on energy policy. Society is continuing a trend toward decarbonization: the reduction in the relative amount of carbon in combustible fuels. The 21st century energy mix will depend on technological advances, including some advances that cannot be anticipated, and on choices made by society. There are competing visions for reaching a sustainable energy mix. If the energy transition is too fast, it could significantly damage the global economy. If the energy transition is too slow, damage to the environment could be irreversible. The "Goldilocks Policy for Energy Transition" is designed to establish a middle ground between these competing visions. We need the duration of the energy transition to be just right; we need to adopt a reasonable plan of action that reduces uncertainty for businesses and innovators with predictable public policy while simultaneously minimizing environmental impact. The question of climate change is still unsettled, but enough is known to motivate a transition away from fossil fuels. The transition does not have to be abrupt and catastrophic, however. Historical energy transitions can be a guide to a reasonable duration for making an orderly transition. If we exercise discipline and patience, we can overcome the obstacles to successful implementation of a grand energy bargain.

Описание:
This book is written to introduce computer simulations to undergraduate college students, freshmen to seniors, in STEM fields. The book starts with concepts from Basic Mathematics: Geometry, Algebra and Calculus, Properties of Elementary Functions (Polynomials, Exponential, Hyperbolic and Trigonometric Functions) are studied and simple differential equations representing these functions are derived. Numerical approximations of first and second order differential equations are studied in terms of finite differences on uniform grids. Computer solutions are obtained via recursive relations or solutions of simultaneous algebraic equations. Comparisons with the exact solutions (known a priori) allow the calculations of the error due to discretization. After the students build confidence in this approach, more problems where the solutions are not known a priori are tackled with applications in many fields. Next, the book gradually addresses linear differential equations with variable coefficients and nonlinear differential equations, including problems of bifurcation and chaos. Applications in Dynamics, Solid Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, Chemical Reactions, and Combustion are included. Biographies of 50 pioneering mathematicians and scientists who contributed to the materials of the book are briefly sketched, to shed light on the history of these STEM fields. Finally, the main concepts discussed in the book, are summarized to make sure that the students do not miss any of them. Also, references for further readings are given for interested readers.

Описание:
This book covers a scientific history of the discoveries in immunology of the past 60 years, i.e. what was discovered, who made the advances and how they accomplished them, and why others did not. All molecular advances occurred in the last 60 years, and no one has described them.

Описание:
This is an introductory text and laboratory manual to be used primarily in undergraduate courses. It is also useful for graduate students and research scientists who require an introduction to the theory and methods of nanopore sequencing. The book has clear explanations of the principles of this emerging technology, together with instructional material written by experts that describes how to use a MinION nanopore instrument for sequencing in research or the classroom. At Harvard University the book serves as a textbook and lab manual for a university laboratory course designed to intensify the intellectual experience of incoming undergraduates while exploring biology as a field of concentration. Nanopore sequencing is an ideal topic as a path to encourage students about the range of courses they will take in Biology by pre-emptively addressing the complaint about having to take a course in Physics or Maths while majoring in Biology. The book addresses this complaint by concretely demonstrating the range of topics - from electricity to biochemistry, protein structure, molecular engineering, and informatics - that a student will have to master in subsequent courses if he or she is to become a scientist who truly understands what his or her biology instrument is measuring when investigating biological phenomena.