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Ширина 170

Описание:
Since it's birth in Poincare's seminal 1894 "Analysis Situs", topology has become a cornerstone of mathematics. As with all beautiful mathematical concepts, topology inevitably - resonating with that Wignerian principle of the effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences - finds it's prominent role in physics. From Chern-Simons theory to topological quantum field theory, from knot invariants to Calabi-Yau compactification in string theory, from spacetime topology in cosmology to the recent Nobel Prize winning work on topological insulators, the interactions between topology and physics have been a triumph over the past few decades. In this eponymous volume, we are honoured to have contributions from an assembly of grand masters of the field, guiding us with their world-renowned expertise on the subject of the interplay between "Topology" and "Physics". Beginning with a preface by Chen Ning Yang on his recollections of the early days, we proceed to a novel view of nuclei from the perspective of complex geometry by Sir Michael Atiyah and Nick Manton, followed by an entree toward recent developments in two-dimensional gravity and intersection theory on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces by Robbert Dijkgraaf and Edward Witten; a study of Majorana fermions and relations to the Braid group by Louis H. Kauffman; a pioneering investigation on arithmetic gauge theory by Minhyong Kim; an anecdote-enriched review of singularity theorems in black-hole physics by Sir Roger Penrose; an adventure beyond anyons by Zhenghan Wang; an apercu on topological insulators from first-principle calculations by Haijun Zhang and Shou-Cheng Zhang; finishing with synopsis on quantum information theory as one of the four revolutions in physics and the second quantum revolution by Xiao-Gang Wen. We hope that this book will serve to inspire the research community.

Описание:
Nanotechnology is a buzz word many of us have heard but are uncertain what it really means. This book works to dispel the myths and unravel the truth about this branch of science and technology that has already touched many aspects of our lives, from cheaper and faster medical diagnostic tools and more effective ways to deliver existing ones to helping to create new medicines and electronic devices. Size Really Does Matter starts by looking at the science and history of nanotechnology, followed by real-life examples of how it is used, what cutting-edge research is being carried out and why, and potential risks of this exciting new technology. It is written in an accessible style with genuine enthusiasm for the topics it addresses, including how nanotechnology hopes to address problems in several fields, such as cancer research, novel devices, new materials and improved manufacturing methods for existing products.

Описание:
This unique book explains how to think systematically about public transportation through the lens of physics models. The book includes aspects of system design, resource management, operations and control. It presents both, basic theories that reveal fundamental issues, and practical recipes that can be readily used for real-world applications. The principles conveyed in this book cover not only traditional transit modes such as subways, buses and taxis but also the newer mobility services that are being enabled by advances in telematics and robotics. Although the book is rigorous, it includes numerous exercises and a presentation style suitable for senior undergraduate or entry-level graduate students in engineering. The book can also serve as a reference for transportation professionals and researchers keen in this field.

Описание:
Quantum computation and information is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field. It is not easy to understand it's fundamental concepts and central results without facing numerous technical details. This book provides the reader with a useful guide. In particular, the initial chapters offer a simple and self-contained introduction; no previous knowledge of quantum mechanics or classical computation is required. Various important aspects of quantum computation and information are covered in depth, starting from the foundations (the basic concepts of computational complexity, energy, entropy, and information, quantum superposition and entanglement, elementary quantum gates, the main quantum algorithms, quantum teleportation, and quantum cryptography) up to advanced topics (like entanglement measures, quantum discord, quantum noise, quantum channels, quantum error correction, quantum simulators and tensor networks). It can be used as a broad range textbook for a course in quantum information and computation, both for upper-level undergraduate students and for graduate students. It contains a large number of solved exercises, which are an essential complement to the text, as they will help the student to become familiar with the subject. The book may also be useful as general education for readers who want to know the fundamental principles of quantum information and computation and who have the basic background acquired from their undergraduate course in physics, mathematics, or computer science, as well as for researchers interested in some of the latest spin-off of the field, including the use of quantum information in the theories of many-body systems.

Описание:
This book is written by the ATLAS Collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC), to document and reflect on it's more than 25 years of history. It covers all aspects of this global science project at the forefront of particle physics. The historical part recalls first the early stages of discussions in the community leading to the formation of the collaboration in 1992. In a unique approach, the second part documents the evolution from early detector concepts to the final instrument, covering the technical, financial and human aspects. This includes the phases of construction of detector components in the various institutes around the world as well as their installation and commissioning in the underground cavern at CERN. An important part is devoted to the operation of the whole experiment. The book highlights the capabilities and physics accomplishments so far, including the Higgs boson discovery (jointly announced with CMS). It features the various aspects of a broad spectrum of activities needed to arrive at the physics results. The book includes also an outlook to the detector upgrade activities preparing the experiment for the high-luminosity LHC phase of the next decades. Last but not least, it reveals the human aspects of the large ATLAS community working together pursuing common physics goals. The book is aimed at a broad readership with interest in large science projects and their history, as well as in the human endeavour of a worldwide collaboration.

Описание:
The book makes a first course in linear algebra more accessible to the majority of students and it assumes no prior knowledge of the subject. It provides a careful presentation of particular cases of all core topics. Students will find that the explanations are clear and detailed in manner. It is considered as a bridge over the obstacles in linear algebra and can be used with or without the help of an instructor. While many linear algebra texts neglect geometry, this book includes numerous geometrical applications. For example, the book presents classical analytic geometry using concepts and methods from linear algebra, discusses rotations from a geometric viewpoint, gives a rigorous interpretation of the right-hand rule for the cross product using rotations and applies linear algebra to solve some nontrivial plane geometry problems. Many students studying mathematics, physics, engineering and economics find learning introductory linear algebra difficult as it has high elements of abstraction that are not easy to grasp. This book will come in handy to facilitate the understanding of linear algebra whereby it gives a comprehensive, concrete treatment of linear algebra in R(2) and R(3). This method has been shown to improve, sometimes dramatically, a student's view of the subject.

Описание:
This book is devoted to the history of chaos theory, from celestial mechanics (three body problem) to electronics and meteorology. Many illustrative examples of chaotic behaviors exist in various contexts found in nature (chemistry, astrophysics, biomedicine). This book includes the most popular systems from chaos theory (Lorenz, Roessler, van der Pol, Duffing, logistic map, Lozi map, Henon map etc.) and introduces many other systems, some of them very rarely discussed in textbooks as well as in scientific papers. The contents are formulated with an original approach as compared to other books on chaos theory.

Описание:
Written by a former Olympiad student, Wang Jinhui, and a Physics Olympiad national trainer, Bernard Ricardo, Competitive Physics delves into the art of solving challenging physics puzzles. This book not only expounds a multitude of physics topics from the basics but also illustrates how these theories can be applied to problems, often in an elegant fashion. With worked examples that depict various problem-solving sleights of hand and interesting exercises to enhance the mastery of such techniques, readers will hopefully be able to develop their own insights and be better prepared for physics competitions. Ultimately, problem-solving is a craft that requires much intuition. Yet this intuition, perhaps, can only be honed by trudging through an arduous but fulfilling journey of enigmas. This is the second part of a two volume series and will mainly analyze thermodynamics, electromagnetism and special relativity. A brief overview of geometrical optics is also included.

Описание:
We introduce interdisciplinary research and get students and the audience familiarized with the difference equations; solving them explicitly, determining the long-term behavior of solutions (convergence, boundedness and periodicity). We help to develop intuition in analyzing convergence of solutions in terms of subsequences and analyzing patterns of periodic cycles. Our book helps you learn applications in biology, economics and business, computer science and engineering.

Описание:
This textbook introduces advanced undergraduate and early-career graduate students to the field of numerical analysis. This field pertains to the design, analysis, and implementation of algorithms for the approximate solution of mathematical problems that arise in applications spanning science and engineering, and are not practical to solve using analytical techniques such as those taught in courses in calculus, linear algebra or differential equations. Topics covered include error analysis, computer arithmetic, solution of systems of linear equations, least squares problems, eigenvalue problems, polynomial interpolation and approximation, numerical differentiation and integration, nonlinear equations, optimization, ordinary differential equations, and partial differential equations. For each problem considered, the presentation includes the derivation of solution techniques, analysis of their efficiency, accuracy and robustness, and details of their implementation, illustrated through the MATLAB programming language. This text is suitable for a year-long sequence in numerical analysis, and can also be used for a one-semester course in numerical linear algebra.

Описание:
This book examines the current and future challenges facing the food and agricultural system and their implications for policymaking at the national and international level. The growth in global population and income is expected to result in increasing demand for food and agricultural raw materials, intensifying concerns over food security and increasing pressure on the planet's natural resources. Moreover, climate change - a challenge on it's own - is likely to increase the urgency for reforms in the food and agricultural sector. As a substantial contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, the sector will need to participate in efforts to slow global warming and to adjust to the effects of climate change, while ensuring global food security and resource sustainability. These pressures define a new set of priorities for policymaking at the national and international level. They also necessitate changes in the framework of global institutions for effective governance of the food system. Global Challenges for Future Food and Agricultural Policies presents a comprehensive analysis of the inter-related policy challenges of food security, management of natural resources, climate change, and international governance. The book also offers valuable insights into options for effective policymaking with the goal of inducing positive policy changes to the food and agricultural sector.

Описание:
The objective of this handbook is to provide the readers with insights about current dynamics and future potential transformations of global financial markets. We intend to focus on four main areas: Dynamics of Financial Markets; Financial Uncertainty and Volatility; Market Linkages and Spillover Effects; and Extreme Events and Financial Transformations and address the following critical issues, but not limited to: market integration and it's implications; crisis risk assessment and contagion effects; financial uncertainty and volatility; role of emerging financial markets in the global economy; role of complex dynamics of economic and financial systems; market linkages, asset valuation and risk management; exchange rate volatility and firm-level exposure; financial effects of economic, political and social risks; link between financial development and economic growth; country risks; and sovereign debt markets.

Описание:
This is a comprehensive book on the theories of artificial intelligence with an emphasis on their applications. It combines fuzzy logic and neural networks, as well as hidden Markov models and genetic algorithm, describes advancements and applications of these machine learning techniques and describes the problem of causality. This book should serves as a useful reference for practitioners in artificial intelligence.

Описание:
Handbook of Manufacturing provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental knowledge on manufacturing, covering various processes, manufacturing-related metrology and quality assessment and control, and manufacturing systems. Many modern processes such as additive manufacturing, micro and nano-manufacturing, and biomedical manufacturing are also covered in this handbook. The handbook will help prepare readers for future exploration of manufacturing research as well as practical engineering applications.

Описание:
This book serves as a set of lecture notes for a senior undergraduate level course on the introduction to numerical computation, which was developed through 4 semesters of teaching the course over 10 years. The book requires minimum background knowledge from the students, including only a three-semester of calculus, and a bit on matrices. The book covers many of the introductory topics for a first course in numerical computation, which fits in the short time frame of a semester course. Topics range from polynomial approximations and interpolation, to numerical methods for ODEs and PDEs. Emphasis was made more on algorithm development, basic mathematical ideas behind the algorithms, and the implementation in Matlab. The book is supplemented by two sets of videos, available through the author's YouTube channel. Homework problem sets are provided for each chapter, and complete answer sets are available for instructors upon request. The second edition contains a set of selected advanced topics, written in a self-contained manner, suitable for self-learning or as additional material for an honored version of the course.

Описание:
Jacob Bekenstein, an Israeli physicist of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, planted the seeds of a revolution of our understanding of space-time. Using conservative intuitive methods including time-old gedanken experiments, he discovered that black holes have thermodynamical properties such as entropy. Moreover, he found that their entropy was not extensive, unlike that of any other thermodynamical system considered before, but rather is proportional to the surface of their horizon. Furthermore, Bekenstein pioneered the study of black holes by focusing on their information content aspects. This led him to obtain bounds of a holographic nature on the amount of information that can be stored in a given region of space-time. This book contains a series of scientific and personal contributions by his contemporaries who recall the struggle against his ideas and then with them: the fate accompanying many revolutionary ideas. This is followed by original scientific contributions by many of the leaders of current research on black hole physics and holography. They have trodden his path and expanded it. The impact of Jacob Bekenstein's visionary ideas is just starting to be understood.

Описание:
The book covers different aspects of mathematical methods for Physics. It is designed for graduate courses but a part of it can also be used by undergraduate students. The leitmotiv of the book is the search for a common mathematical framework for a wide class of apparently disparate physical phenomena. An important role, within this respect, is provided by a nonconventional formulation of special functions and polynomials. The proposed methods simplify the understanding of the relevant technicalities and yield a unifying view to their applications in Physics as well as other branches of science. The chapters are not organized through the mathematical study of specific problems in Physics, rather they are suggested by the formalism itself. For example, it is shown how the matrix formalism is useful to treat ray Optics, atomic systems evolution, QED, QCD and Feynman diagrams. The methods presented here are simple but rigorous. They allow a fairly substantive tool of analysis for a variety of topics and are useful for beginners as well as the more experienced researchers.

Описание:
This richly illustrated book written by Professor Kai Peter Birke and several co-authors addresses both scientific and engineering aspects of modern batteries in a unique way. Emphasizing the engineering part of batteries, the book acts as a compass towards next generation batteries for automotive and stationary applications. The book provides distinguished answers to still open questions on how future batteries look like. Modern Battery Engineering explains why and how batteries have to be designed for successful commercialization in e-mobility and stationary applications. The book will help readers understand the principle issues of battery designs, paving the way for engineers to avoid wrong paths and settle on appropriate cell technologies for next generation batteries. This book is ideal for training courses for readers interested in the field of modern batteries.

Описание:
This book is the outcome of a Bioenergetics workshop held at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore in April 2018 to honour Professor Bertil Andersson for his outstanding contributions to scientific research and administration, particularly his very successful 11 years a NTU as Provost (2007-2011) and President (2011-2018). The main focus of the book is on the mechanisms of photosynthetic oxygen production by water splitting and the reverse respiratory reaction of oxygen reduction to water. Also discussed is how these reactions can be used for the development of artificial photosynthesis for the generation of sustainable solar fuel. The various chapters are written by international experts including Nobel Laureates Rudolph Marcus and John Walker. They provide the very latest knowledge of how the flow of energy in biology is driven by sunlight and efficiently utilized to power life. This book is suitable for students and researchers who are interested in molecular details of energy flow on our planet and also concerned about sustainability of humankind.

Описание:
The stretching and strengthening techniques used in yoga are an ideal way for children to grow flexible and strong. As well as building supple muscles and flexible joints, yoga is also about positive thinking, self-confidence and inner calm: hyperactive, non-athletic or shy children will all benefit from the expression of feeling and imagination through movement that yoga brings. This volume is a practical workbook aimed at children of all physical abilities from the age of three upwards. Through a mixture of exercises, animal poses, meditation and gameplaying, it shows children what yoga can do for them, and will help to give them the best possible start in life.