Springer

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This book presents the state of the art in multilevel analysis, with an emphasis on more advanced topics. These topics are discussed conceptually, analyzed mathematically, and illustrated by empirical examples. Multilevel analysis is the statistical analysis of hierarchically and non-hierarchically nested data. The simplest example is clustered data, such as a sample of students clustered within schools. Multilevel data are especially prevalent in the social and behavioral sciences and in the biomedical sciences. The chapter authors are all leading experts in the field. Given the omnipresence of multilevel data in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences, this book is essential for empirical researchers in these fields.

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In this revised and expanded second edition, seasoned experts describe in step-by-step detail their best state-of-the-art techniques for studying neuronal cell death. These readily reproducible methods solve a wide variety of research problems, including the detection of the key proteins involved in neuronal apoptosis (Bax protein, cytochrome c, and caspases), the direct assessment of the role of pro-apoptotic proteins in neurons by viral infections and microinjections, and the detection of pro-apoptotic proteins in situ. There are also hands-on methods for the study of apoptosis mechanisms in neuronal compartments, for studying synaptosis, and for establishing gene expression profiles in neurodegenerative brain tissues by using DNA microarrays.

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A presentation of the most advanced application of optical near-field microscopy to studies of fine metallic structures and related surface plasmons.

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In Situ Detection of DNA Damage: Methods and Protocols, Vladimir Didenko and a panel of experts describe all the major in situ techniques for studying DNA damage and apoptosis, and how approaches originally designed to label apoptotic cells can be used for DNA damage analysis (and vice versa). The readily reproducible techniques presented here include all those designed to detect specific single and double-stranded DNA breaks in tissue sections while using polymerases, ligases, nucleases, and kinases. There are also novel instrumental techniques that use ultrasound for in vivo and in situ detection of apoptotic DNA damage, and in situ applications of flow and laser-scanning cytometry for analysis of DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. State-of-the-art and highly practical, In Situ Detection of DNA Damage: Methods and Protocols presents for the first time a complete set of enzymatic methods for determining DNA breaks, and will greatly facilitate the work of all those studying the in situ detection of DNA damage and the labeling of apoptotic cells.

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Cells of the immune system are activated by a variety of stimuli that are derived from other cells, ingested material or from invading microorganisms. This issue of CTMI focuses on the mechanisms of phosphoinositide-mediated protein recruitment to intracellular membranes.

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The aim of this book is to give an overview of the most important aspects of physiological and biochemical basis for metal toxicity and tolerance in plants. The book is expected to serve as a reference to university and college teachers, students of plant sciences, environmental biology, environmental biotechnology, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, plant molecular biology, and genetics.

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Financial economics is a fascinating topic where ideas from economics, mathematics and, most recently, psychology are combined to understand financial markets. This book gives a concise introduction into this field and includes for the first time recent results from behavioral finance that help to understand many puzzles in traditional finance. The book is tailor made for master and PhD students and includes tests and exercises that enable the students to keep track of their progress. Parts of the book can also be used on a bachelor level. Researchers will find it particularly useful as a source for recent results in behavioral finance and decision theory.

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This 2nd updated edition is an entry-level text covering all aspects of deployment, not just medical or health-related, for use by health professionals in a resource-constrained environment brought about by local conflict or natural disasters. Since the 1st edition (2002), there have been seismic changes following the terrorist assault on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon. The Middle East, the Far East and parts of Africa are convulsed by conflict, verging on civil war. Colossal natural disasters have since occurred - Tsunamis (SE Asia), Earthquakes (Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan), a Hurricane (Gulf of Mexico).The working environment for the prospective humanitarian volunteer has changed forever. The book covers preparation, organisation, logistics, treatment of major trauma and medical emergencies, and the problems of delivering medicine in hostile/remote environments. It bridges the fields of medicine, nursing, international relations, history, politics and economics and also touches on nutrition, infection, trauma, psychiatry, and psychological medicine, and training.

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Data Correcting Approaches in Combinatorial Optimization focuses on algorithmic applications of the well known polynomially solvable special cases of computationally intractable problems. The purpose of this text is to design practically efficient algorithms for solving wide classes of combinatorial optimization problems. Researches, students and engineers will benefit from new bounds and branching rules in development efficient branch-and-bound type computational algorithms. This book examines applications for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem and its variations, Maximum Weight Independent Set Problem, Different Classes of Allocation and Cluster Analysis as well as some classes of Scheduling Problems. Data Correcting Algorithms in Combinatorial Optimization introduces the data correcting approach to algorithms which provide an answer to the following questions: how to construct a bound to the original intractable problem and find which element of the corrected instance one should branch such that the total size of search tree will be minimized. The PC time needed for solving intractable problems will be adjusted with the requirements for solving real world problems.

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In 1958, Ralph E. Gomory transformed the field of integer programming when he published a paper that described a cutting-plane algorithm for pure integer programs and announced that the method could be refined to give a finite algorithm for integer programming. In 2008, to commemorate the anniversary of this seminal paper, a special workshop celebrating fifty years of integer programming was held in Aussois, France, as part of the 12th Combinatorial Optimization Workshop. It contains reprints of key historical articles and written versions of survey lectures on six of the hottest topics in the field by distinguished members of the integer programming community. Useful for anyone in mathematics, computer science and operations research, this book exposes mathematical optimization, specifically integer programming and combinatorial optimization, to a broad audience.

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Robotic vision, the combination of robotics and computer vision, involves the application of computer algorithms to data acquired from sensors. The research community has developed a large body of such algorithms but for a newcomer to the field this can be quite daunting. For over 20 years the author has maintained two open-source MATLAB® Toolboxes, one for robotics and one for vision. They provide implementations of many important algorithms and allow users to work with real problems, not just trivial examples. This book makes the fundamental algorithms of robotics, vision and control accessible to all. It weaves together theory, algorithms and examples in a narrative that covers robotics and computer vision separately and together. Using the latest versions of the Toolboxes the author shows how complex problems can be decomposed and solved using just a few simple lines of code. The topics covered are guided by real problems observed by the author over many years as a practitioner of both robotics and computer vision. It is written in an accessible but informative style, easy to read and absorb, and includes over 1000 MATLAB and Simulink® examples and over 400 figures. The book is a real walk through the fundamentals of mobile robots, arm robots. then camera models, image processing, feature extraction and multi-view geometry and finally bringing it all together with an extensive discussion of visual servo systems. This second edition is completely revised, updated and extended with coverage of Lie groups, matrix exponentials and twists; inertial navigation; differential drive robots; lattice planners; pose-graph SLAM and map making; restructured material on arm-robot kinematics and dynamics; series-elastic actuators and operational-space control; Lab color spaces; light field cameras; structured light, bundle adjustment and visual odometry; and photometric visual servoing.

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th China National Conference on Computational Linguistics, CCL 2017, and the 5th International Symposium on Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data, NLP-NABD 2017, held in Nanjing, China, in October 2017. Minority language information processing.

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The EU-Russia relationship is of considerable importance to both partners, yet the relationship is beset with challenges. In the context of a growing mismatch between commonly agreed objectives and outcomes this book provides an historically grounded assessment of the current state of relations between the EU and Russia.

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Organized around important aspects of life as an international student, this essential handbook introduces the landmark skills required for success in an overseas university. This book is based on experiences from many countries and many students. It deals with all aspects of higher education in a foreign country. It helps students with positive tips and suggestions. It covers practical, financial and social questions. Written especially for second language speakers of English, this practical handbook contains tips and suggestions to prepare students to live abroad, understand university culture and practice, and to improve their English. It is built around activities that give hands-on practice to make overseas university study a success.

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The fully updated and revised fifth edition of this widely-used text provides a comprehensive survey of leading perspectives in the field. Updated throughout to take account of major events and developments, such as the Arab Spring, it also includes new material on neo-realism and neo-liberalism, postcolonialism and cosmopolitanism.

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In this third, fully revised edition, the 10 volume Encyclopedia of Language and Education offers the newest developments, including an entirely new volume of research and scholarly content, essential to the field of language teaching and learning in the age of globalization. In the selection of topics and contributors, the Encyclopedia reflects the depth of disciplinary knowledge, breadth of interdisciplinary perspective, and diversity of socio-geographic experience in the language and education field. Throughout, there is an inclusion of contributions from non-English speaking and non-western parts of the world, providing truly global coverage. Furthermore, the authors have sought to integrate these voices fully into the whole, rather than as special cases or international perspectives in separate sections. The Encyclopedia is a necessary reference set for every university and college library in the world that serves a faculty or school of education, as well as being highly relevant to the fields of applied and socio-linguistics. The publication of this work charts the further deepening and broadening of the field of language and education since the publication of the first edition of the Encyclopedia in 1997 and the second edition in 2008.

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Why is the EU so reliant upon exchanges with interest organisations? What safeguards have been developed to prevent capture by special interests, and how effective are these? How does the EU system of interest representation compare with those of other systems, and what are its unique features? The fully revised fourth edition of this highly-acclaimed book provides an authoritative and comprehensive assessment of the role of organized interests in the EU. Showing that interest representation is a key aspect of the European project, it examines the significance of interests for everyday policy-making, for European integration, and for the democratic legitimacy of the EU. Accessibly written and thoroughly updated, the new edition contains additional material on the regulation of lobbying and the European Transparency Register.

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This book presents the fundamentals of project management as applied in the built environment and more specifically for the construction industry. It presents the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) using practical examples to show how various project management principles and concepts can be applied in practice. Providing study notes for students and aspiring project management professionals in the construction industry, each of the 13 chapters includes a set of comprehensive revision questions that allow readers to reflect on what they have learned. The book offers an introduction to what project management is all about as well as the project life cycles, stakeholders and organizations involved. It explains the project management processes and how these processes are applied in integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resource, communications, risk and procurement management. It concludes with ethics and professional conduct in the project management profession.

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This volume provides a collection of methods and protocols detailing extracellular RNA and hopes to be a useful resource for those interested in this exciting and emerging field. Chapters are divided into four sections covering an overview of the field, approaches for the isolation of exRNA, protocols for detection and quantitation of exRNA, and approaches that can be useful for studies to evaluate potential therapeutic applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Extracellular RNA: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

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Was ist an dem Blick der Autorin auf Russland anders? In diesem Buch geht es der Autorin darum, gegenwärtige Lebensformen, Denkweisen, Geschichtsbilder, Werte, Selbstbilder, Fremdbilder und russisch-deutsche bzw. deutsch-russische Wahrnehmungen zu erkennen, sie aber vor allem aus der politisch-historischen und religiös-kulturellen Entwicklung von Staat und Gesellschaft zu begreifen. Das Buch will so dem gewiss oft vorhandenen, je aktuellen Wissen und Kennen einen historischen Hintergrund geben und vor allem zum Können bei unseren Begegnungen mit Russland und damit zu ihrem Gelingen beitragen.